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【英文标准名称】:Guideforradiomethodsofmeasuringearthconductivity
【原文标准名称】:测量接地传导性的无线电方法指南
【标准号】:IEEE356-1974
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1974
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国电气电子工程师学会(IEEE)
【起草单位】:IEEE
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:地表;无线电波传播;无线电工程;天线;接地导线
【英文主题词】:radiowavepropagation;earth'ssurface;earthconductors;radioengineering;antennae
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:K04
【国际标准分类号】:33_060_00
【页数】:32P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumandPetroleumProductsbyEnergyDispersiveX-rayFluorescenceSpectrometry
【原文标准名称】:能量散射X射线荧光光谱法测定石油和石油产品中的硫含量的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4294-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D02.03
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:analysis;diesel;gasoline;jetfuel;kerosine;petroleum;spectrometry;sulfur;X-ray;XRF(X-rayfluorescence)--petroleumproducts;Energy-dispersivespectroscopy(EDS);Fueloils;Fuelsulfur;Gasoline--nonleaded;Naphthaandnaphthaderivatives;Wave
【摘要】:Thistestmethodprovidesrapidandprecisemeasurementoftotalsulfurinpetroleumandpetroleumproductswithaminimumofsamplepreparation.Atypicalanalysistimeis1to5minpersample.Thequalityofmanypetroleumproductsisrelatedtotheamountofsulfurpresent.Knowledgeofsulfurconcentrationisnecessaryforprocessingpurposes.Therearealsoregulationspromulgatedinfederal,state,andlocalagenciesthatrestricttheamountofsulfurpresentinsomefuels.Thistestmethodprovidesameansofdeterminingwhetherthesulfurcontentofpetroleumorapetroleumproductmeetsspecificationorregulatorylimits.Whenthistestmethodisappliedtopetroleummaterialswithmatricessignificantlydifferentfromthecalibrationmaterialsspecifiedin9.1,thecautionsandrecommendationsinSection5shouldbeobservedwheninterpretingresults.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftotalsulfurinpetroleumandpetroleumproductsthataresingle-phaseandeitherliquidatambientconditions,liquefiablewithmoderateheat,orsolubleinhydrocarbonsolvents.Thesematerialscanincludedieselfuel,jetfuel,kerosine,otherdistillateoil,naphtha,residualoil,lubricatingbaseoil,hydraulicoil,crudeoil,unleadedgasoline,gasohol,biodiesel(seeNote2),andsimilarpetroleumproducts.Note18212;OxygenatedfuelswithethanolormethanolcontentsexceedingthelimitsgiveninTable1canbedealtwithusingthistestmethod,buttheprecisionandbiasstatementsdonotapply(seeAppendixX3).Note28212;Forsampleswithhighoxygencontents(>3wt%)sampledilutionasdescribedin1.3ormatrixmatchingmustbeperformedtoassureaccurateresults.1.2Interlaboratorystudiesonprecisionrevealedthescopetobe17mg/kgto4.6mass%.Anestimateofthistestmethodx2019;spooledlimitofquantitation(PLOQ)is16.0mg/kgascalculatedbytheproceduresinPracticeD6259.However,becauseinstrumentationcoveredbythistestmethodcanvaryinsensitivity,theapplicabilityofthetestmethodatsulfurconcentrationsbelowapproximately20mg/kgmustbedeterminedonanindividualbasis.Anestimateofthelimitofdetectionisthreetimesthereproducibilitystandarddeviation,andanestimateofthelimitofquantitationistentimesthereproducibilitystandarddeviation.1.3Samplescontainingmorethan4.6mass%sulfurcanbedilutedtobringthesulfurconcentrationofthedilutedmaterialwithinthescopeofthistestmethod.SamplesthataredilutedcanhavehighererrorsthanindicatedinSection16thannon-dilutedsamples.1.4Volatilesamples(suchashighvaporpressuregasolinesorlighthydrocarbons)maynotmeetthestatedprecisionbecauseofselectivelossoflightmaterialsduringtheanalysis.1.5Afundamentalassumptioninthistestmethodisthatthestandardandsamplematricesarewellmatched,orthatthematrixdifferencesareaccountedfor(see5.2).MatrixmismatchcanbecausedbyC/Hratiodifferencesbetweensamplesandstandards(seeSection5)orbythepresenceofotherheteroatoms.1.6ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.7Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriorto......
【中国标准分类号】:E30
【国际标准分类号】:75_080
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语